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525 - 522 |
Cambyses II
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Mesutire |
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Cambyses |
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Son of Cirrus the Great who founded Persian Empire. He came to the Persian throne in 530 BC and ten years later – also to Egyptian one. At Pelusium he defeated Egyptian army commanded by Phanes, the chieftain of Psametik III. Presumably Phanes betrayed the king and took the Persians’ side while Udjahorresent - the high priest of Neith at Sais, gave up defense and surrendered his fleet. In revenge for stirring up revolts Cambyses commanded to murder 2 thousands of captives, among others Psametik III. Greek tradition, unfavorable to Persians, presents Cambyses as an unrestrained and cruel ruler who was against religion, allowed plunders and violence. Leaving the captured Egypt under residing in Memphis satrap Ariandes, Cambyses proceeded to Persia due to revolt risen by his own brother’s, Smerdis. He died on the way in 522. |
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522 - 520 |
Petubastis III
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Seheruibre (Ten który cieszy sece Re) |
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Padibastet (Piece of sand of a coast) |
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Egyptian ruler who, as generally assumed, revolted against satrap Arjandes. Confirmaed by inscriptions on scarab and two seals. |
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521 - 486 |
Darius I ( The Great )
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Stutre |
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Darius |
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Son of Hystaspes, King of Persia. Diodorus described him as the sixth and last great law-giver of Egypt. Darius the Great imposed many valuable social and economical reforms. He respected the local religion. His building policy focused on erecting and decorating the temple of Amen-Re at Hibis (Charga Oasis). He renewed also the temple of Ptah at Memphis, built at Fayum, el-Kab, Busiris and Sais. He completed the 84 km long canal, building of which was started by Nekau II and which lead from the eastern Nile branch to the Red Sea. The satrap Arjandes, who suppressed the Egyptian revolt at the beginning of Darius’ rule was later executed by this king because dared to mint coins with his own image. Darius visited Egypt in 518 BC. |
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486 - 465 |
Xserkses I
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Kserkses |
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Considerable period of his rule he spent putting down numerous uprising which were breaking out after death of Darius the Great all over the land. Both Herodotus and letter of Khnumemakhet to Artabanos, the commander of garrison, record these events. In 482 BC he had to suppress revolt in the very Babylonia. His attempt to conquest Greece ended up with failure in 480 BC after the battle at Salamina. Xerxes met his death murdered in August 465 BC. |
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465 - 424
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Artaxerxes I ( Longhand )
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Artaxerxes |
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Soon after Antakserkses ascended the throne the Libyan prince Inaros and prince Amyrtaios of Sais rose in revolt. In the battle at Papremis army of Persian strap Achmenes, brother of Artakserkses I, was defeated and Artakserkses himself was killed. However soon thereafter Megabysos, Syrian satrap, regained Memphis and destroyed Greek fleet which came into support of Egyptians. Due to the treaty in 449 BC Athens pledged to have no contribution in the conflict of Cyprus and Egypt with Persia. At that time Upper Egypt was still remaining under Persian control. |
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Inaros
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One of the magnates of the Delta, son of Psametik, the Libyan prince. In 460 BC, he revolted with help of Amyrtajos of Sais and with Athenian allies from whom he was paid 100 triers, and he defeated commanded by satrap Akheimenes Persians. The Persians retreated to Memphis, but Athenians were finally defeated in 456 by Persian army under command of Megabazos. Inaros had been captured and carried away to Suza where he was crucified in 454 BC. |
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424 |
Xserkses II |
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It was only 45 days after his overtaking a rule, as Xerxes was executed by his step-brother Sogdianus. |
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424 |
Sogdianus |
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Persian ruler not recorded in any of known Egyptian historical sources. He was step-brother of Xerxes II whom he executed and for a short period replaced on the Persian throne. |
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424 - 404 |
Darius II
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This
Persian King is mentioned only in Arameian papyri of Elaphantine, which
record riots and robbery of the temple in 410 BC.
In
414 BC a national uprising under Amyrtaeus took place. Ten years later Egypt
regains independence. |
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404 - 402 |
Artaxerkses II Memnon ( Arsaces )
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According to Arameian papyri of Elephantine this Persian ruler was recognized in southern Egypt the legal pharaoh until Amyrtaios extended his rule all over the Land. |
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Copyright © 2000-2003 Dariusz Sitek, Czestochowa - Chicago - Ann Arbor |
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